Phytosterol are functional components that exist in a free or combined state with fatty acids and sugars, and are widely present in the cell membranes of various plants such as vegetables and fruits.
Plant sterols are divided into three categories: 4-unmethylsterols, 4-methylsterols, and 4,4 '- dimethylsterols. 4-unmethylsterols mainly include Β- Sterols such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, rapeseed oil sterol, and rapeseed sterol. The structure of plant sterols is basically similar to that of animal sterols, with the difference being the number of methyl groups connected at the c-4 position and the difference in the side chains at the c-11 position. It is precisely these small differences on the side chains that lead to their different physiological functions.
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